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In recent times we are witnessing a steep increase in the availability 
of data coming from real--life environments.
Nowadays, virtually every one connected to the Internet may have instant 
access to
a tremendous amount of data from satellite elevation maps, airborne 
time-of-flight scanners
and digital cameras, street--level photographs and even cadastral maps.  
As for other more traditional types of data such
as documents, pictures and videos, users of digital exploration 
softwares expect commodity hardware to exhibit
good performances for interactive purposes, regardless to the size of 
these data.

In this thesis we propose novel solutions to the problem of rendering large
terrain and urban models on site and remotely on commodity platforms.
Our solutions build on the concept of multiresolution representation, where
alternative representations of the same data with different
accuracy are used to selectively distribute the computational power, and 
consequently the
visual accuracy,  where it is more needed on the base of user's point of 
view.
In particular, we will introduce an efficient multiresolution data 
compression technique for planar and
spherical surfaces applied to terrain data which is able to handle huge 
amount of
information at a planetary scale.  We will also describe a novel data 
structure for
compact storage and rendering of urban entities such as buildings to 
allow real--time
exploration of cityscapes from a remote online repository.
Moreover, we will show how recent technologies can be exploited to 
transparently
integrate virtual exploration and general computer graphics techniques 
with web
applications.